Modernidad y crisis de sentido / Augusto Hortal Alonso / - Fenomenología de las formas ambientales de religión en América Latina / Pedro Trigo / - Cultura y religión paraguaya en transición / Bartoleu Melia / - Filosofía y fenomenología / Paul Gilbert / - De la fenomenología de la religión en América Latina a una filosofía de la religión / Juan Carlos Scannone / - Religión y cultura. Elementos para una filosofía de la religión / Gerardo Remolina / - (...) Experiencia simbólica, experiencia religiosa y experiencia mística. Nuevos ámbitos para el encuentro personal / Jorge R. Seibold / - Etica y filosofía de la religión. Una cuestión de fronteras / Vicente Durán Casa /. (shrink)

El día 27 de febrero de 2013 se llevó a cabo en la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana el homenaje académico en honor de la vida y trayectoria intelectual del profesor Guillermo Hoyos Vásquez. Su reciente deceso, el 5 de enero de 2013, y sus contribuciones a la academia colombiana fueron las razones para que amigos, alumnos y compañeros de trabajo dedicaran toda una jornada a recordar las anécdotas y enseñanzas del profesor Hoyos. Como resultado de ese evento, la Vicerrectoría Académica y (...) la Vicerrectoría de Investigación de la Universidad Javeriana se han unido en este proyecto editorial que recoge las intervenciones que se realizaron en este homenaje, con el fin de llevar a un público más amplio una de las vidas y obras intelectuales que han marcado a una generación de científicos sociales y filósofos colombianos. (shrink)

BackgroundImplementing the routine consultation of patient advance directives in hospital emergency departments and emergency medical services has become essential, given that advance directives constitute the frame of reference for care personalisation and respect for patients’ values and preferences related to healthcare. The aim of this study was to assess the levels and relationship of knowledge and attitudes of nursing and medical professionals towards advance directives in hospital emergency departments and emergency medical services, and to determine the correlated and predictor variables (...) of favourable attitudes towards advance directives.MethodsObservational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in the emergency department of a second-level hospital and in the emergency medical service. Data collection was performed from January 2019 to February 2020. The STROBE guidelines were followed for the preparation of the study.ResultsA total of 173 healthcare professionals responded to the questionnaire. Among them, 91.3% considered that they were not sufficiently informed about advance directives, and 74% acknowledged not having incorporated them into their usual practice. Multinomial analysis indicated a statistically significant relationship between the variable emergency medical service and having more favourable attitudes towards consulting the advance directives in their practical application (OR 2.49 [95% CI 1.06–5.88]; p = 0.037) and compliance in complex scenarios (OR 3.65 [95% CI 1.58 − 8.41]; p = 0.002). Working the afternoon and night shift was a predictor variable for obtaining a higher score with respect to attitudes in complex scenarios.ConclusionThere is an association between the level of knowledge that nursing and medical professionals have about advance directives and the scores obtained on the attitude scales at the time of practical implementation and in complex scenarios. This shows that the more knowledge professionals have, the more likely they are to consult patients' advance directives and to respect their wishes and preferences for care and/or treatment. (shrink)

LA CASA VOLADORA: SOBRE EL HACER POÉTICO EN LA EDUCACIÓN.

la juventud se ha convertido, desde el inicio de la crisis en 2008, en un tema mediático y objeto de estudio e investigación así como de diseño de políticas públicas que incluyan el objetivo de paliar la situación de dificultad y precariedad en la que se encuentran muchos jóvenes en la actualidad. Jóvenes con una gran formación y que tienen que abandonar el país por no encontrar empleo adecuado en españa; jóvenes que abandonaron el sistema educativo para incorporarse al mercado (...) laboral y que con la crisis se han quedado sin empleo; jóvenes que no pueden emanciparse por carecer de medios y que como consecuencia de ello, alargan la permanencia en casa de sus padres. Jóvenes que en definitiva ven un futuro incierto en sus vidas. el objetivo de esta introducción es ofrecer una breve panorámica y una presentación de los diferentes artículos incluidos en el presente número de la revista.Youth has become since the beginning of the crisis in 2008, a media subject and also an object of study and research as well as an object of design of public policies with the aim of alleviating the difficult and precarious situation in which many young people are today. Young highly educated who have to leave the country because they don’t find suitable employment in Spain; young people who left the education system to enter the labor market and lost their jobs with this crisis; young people who can not emancipate for lack of means and as a result, extend the stay at their parental home. Young ultimately see an uncertain future in their lives. The purpose of this introduction is to provide a brief overview and presentation of the different articles in this issue of the magazine. (shrink)

El artista menorquín Pascual Calbó Caldés, autor de una enciclopedia científica que ha llegado hasta nosotros con el nombre de Obras didácticas, pintó en el salón de la Casa Vidal una cenefa en la que aparecen representaciones alegóricas de la escultura, pintura, arquitectura, astronomía, música, literatura, matemáticas y agricultura. En este artículo mostramos algunos detalles relativos a las alegorías de las matemáticas y la astronomía que pueden escapar al ojo del observador común. Palabras clave: Pascual Calbó, Matemáticas, Pintura, Menorca, Siglo (...) XVIII. ABSTRACT The artist from Menorca Pascual Calbó Caldés, author of a scientific encyclopedia which has been preserved under the title of Obras didácticas, painted in the living room of the Casa Vidal a frieze in which we can find allegorical representations of sculpture, painting, architecture, music, literature, mathematics and agriculture. In this paper, we present some details regarding the allegories of mathematics and astronomy that may scape the eye of the common observer. Keywords: Pascual Calbó, Mathematics, Painting, Minorca, 18th century. (shrink)

La Casa de Santiago de Jerusalén, para estudiantes bíblicos y arqueólogos españoles en Tierra Santa, fue erigida, formalmente, en noviembre de 1955. Este trabajo recopila e interpreta algunos de los diplomas que se intercambiaron hasta aquel momento los promotores de esta obra. La relevancia que, con los años, ha adquirido este centro de investigación hace que resulte importante recuperar esta documentación y la información programática que aporta para el análisis y la definición de su historia.

Resumen. La congregación fundada por Vicente de Paúl y Luisa de Marillac ha estado ligada al cuidado y, por su formación y método de trabajo, pueden ser consideradas como pioneras de los cuidados de enfermería, ya que su objetivo ha sido y es cubrir las necesidades básicas de la persona, teoría que postularía en 1960 Virginia Henderson. En este trabajo se pretende dar a conocer cómo las Hijas de la Caridad han estado ligadas al cuidado de la salud desde (...) sus inicios y la labor socio sanitaria que durante casi 150 años lleva prestando en Zaragoza la Casa de Amparo. Desde su inauguración el 5 de marzo de 1871, y gracias al apoyo económico del Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza, esta Institución proporciona asilo y cuidados a toda persona mayor que carece de recursos necesarios. Desde el primer momento se encargaron de ello las Hijas de la Caridad que, sin apenas recursos ni conocimientos, cuidaron de los asilados. Con el paso del tiempo, estos cuidados han ido evolucionando y profesionalizándose hasta que, en la actualidad, están siendo procurados por personal sanitario especializado; a pesar de ello, las hermanas siguen presentes en la vida de la residencia prestando su ayuda aquellos que lo necesitan. Palabras clave: Hijas de la Caridad, beneficencia, salud, enfermería, Casa de Amparo, Zaragoza, siglos XIX-XXI.. The congregation founded by Vicente de Paul and Luisa de Marillac has been linked to care and, because of their training and working method, they can be considered as pioneers of nursing care, since their objective has been and is to cover the basic needs of the person, a theory that Virginia Henderson would postulate in 1960. This paper aims to make known how the daughters of charity have been linked to health care since its inception and the social and health work that the Casa de Amparo has been providing in Zaragoza for almost 150 years. Since its inauguration on March 5, 1871, and thanks to the economic support of the City Council of Zaragoza, this Institution provides asylum and care for all older people who lack the necessary resources. From the first moment the daughters of the charity took care of it, who, without scarce resources or knowledge, took care of the asylees. With the passage of time, these cares have been evolving and professionalizing until, at present, they are being procured by specialized health personnel; In spite of this, the sisters are still present in the life of the residence, helping those who need it. Key words: Daughters of Charity, charity, health, nursing, Casa de Amparo, Zaragoza, 19th-21th centuries. (shrink)

Em 1732, em peregrinação à sagrada Casa de Loreto, na Itália, Antônio Dias Quaresma (16811756), natural de Salvador, deixou-se entrar em pensamentos de ser pontífice. Andarilho e leitor compulsivo, meteu-se muito cedo no universo dos livros ascéticos e místicos e passou a cogitar, a partir das suas próprias perscrutações, uma saída para regenerar a cristandade. Em si reverberam ideias ancianas, alimentadas ao longo dos séculos, conjugadas a projetos políticos que visavam dignificar a nova geografia descoberta, a exemplo da transferência da (...) corte para o Brasil, proposta por seu patrício Frei Vicente do Salvador, na sua Historia do Brazil (c. 1630). O artigo pretende, dessa forma, estabelecer e resgatar os possíveis caminhos da passagem da ideia de transferência da corte para Salvador para a de um papa baiano e o lugar cimeiro que o Novo Mundo adquire como geografia de regeneração. (shrink)

This book addresses key conceptual issues relating to the modern scientific and engineering use of computer simulations. It analyses a broad set of questions, from the nature of computer simulations to their epistemological power, including the many scientific, social and ethics implications of using computer simulations. The book is written in an easily accessible narrative, one that weaves together philosophical questions and scientific technicalities. It will thus appeal equally to all academic scientists, engineers, and researchers in industry interested in questions (...) related to the general practice of computer simulations. (shrink)

Abstract: Introspection reveals that one is frequently conscious of some form of inner speech, which may appear either in a condensed or expanded form. It has been claimed that this speech reflects the way in which language is involved in conscious thought, fulfilling a number of cognitive functions. We criticize three theories that address this issue: Bermúdez’s view of language as a generator of second-order thoughts, Prinz’s development of Jackendoff’s intermediate-level theory of consciousness, and Carruthers’s theory of inner speech as (...) a rehearsal of action-schemata. We contend they have problems to account for those cases in which inner speech is fragmentary, and for the difference with those instances in which it appears as more sentence-like. In addition, we present verbal overshadowing as a phenomenon that neither of them can easily explain. Finally, we propose an account in which inner speech is fundamentally silent outer speech and argue that it is more explanatory than the alternatives. (shrink)

When one wants to use citizen input to inform policy, what should the standards of informedness on the part of the citizens be? While there are moral reasons to allow every citizen to participate and have a voice on every issue, regardless of education and involvement, designers of participatory assessments have to make decisions about how to structure deliberations as well as how much background information and deliberation time to provide to participants. After assessing different frameworks for the relationship between (...) science and society, we use Philip Kitcher's framework of Well-Ordered Science to propose an epistemic standard on how citizen deliberations should be structured. We explore what potential standards follow from this epistemic framework focusing on significance versus scientific and engineering expertise. We argue that citizens should be tutored on the historical context of why scientific questions became significant and deemed scientifically and socially valuable, and if citizens report that they are capable of weighing in on an issue then they should be able to do so. We explore what this standard can mean by looking at actual citizen deliberations tied to the 2014 NASA ECAST Asteroid Initiative Citizen forums. We code different vignettes of citizens debating alternative approaches for Mars exploration based upon what level of information seemed to be sufficient for them to feel comfortable in making a policy position. The analysis provides recommendations on how to design and assess future citizen assessments grounded in properly conveying the historical value context surrounding a scientific issue and trusting citizens to seek out sufficient information to deliberate. (shrink)

Over recent years, the research community has been increasingly using preprint servers to share manuscripts that are not yet peer-reviewed. Even if it enables quick dissemination of research findings, this practice raises several challenges in publication ethics and integrity. In particular, preprints have become an important source of information for stakeholders interested in COVID19 research developments, including traditional media, social media, and policy makers. Despite caveats about their nature, many users can still confuse pre-prints with peer-reviewed manuscripts. If unconfirmed but (...) already widely shared first-draft results later prove wrong or misinterpreted, it can be very difficult to “unlearn” what we thought was true. Complexity further increases if unconfirmed findings have been used to inform guidelines. To help achieve a balance between early access to research findings and its negative consequences, we formulated five recommendations: (a) consensus should be sought on a term clearer than ‘pre-print’, such as ‘Unrefereed manuscript’, “Manuscript awaiting peer review” or ‘’Non-reviewed manuscript”; (b) Caveats about unrefereed manuscripts should be prominent on their first page, and each page should include a red watermark stating ‘Caution—Not Peer Reviewed’; (c) pre-print authors should certify that their manuscript will be submitted to a peer-review journal, and should regularly update the manuscript status; (d) high level consultations should be convened, to formulate clear principles and policies for the publication and dissemination of non-peer reviewed research results; (e) in the longer term, an international initiative to certify servers that comply with good practices could be envisaged. (shrink)

Este artículo defiende que según Descartes hay dos clases de percepción sensorial. Una que opera por impulso, confundiendo las propiedades de las cosas físicas con nuestras ideas de ellas; y la otra que procede por deducción y distingue entre aquellas propiedades de las cosas físicas que tienen una representación adecuada en nuestras ideas y las que no la tienen.

In this volume, scientists, historians, and philosophers join to examine computer simulations in scientific practice. One central aim of the volume is to provide a multiperspective view on the topic. Therefore, the text includes philosophical studies on computer simulations, as well as case studies from simulation practice, and historical studies of the evolution of simulations as a research method.

Two major lines of argument support the notion that Hildegard of Bingen’s metaphysics is peculiarly gynocentric. Contra the standard commentary on her work, the focus is not on the notion of viriditas; rather, the first line of argument presents a specific delineation of her ontology, demonstrating that it is a graded hierarchy of beings, many of which present feminine aspects of the divine, and all of which establish the metaphysical notion of interpenetrability. The second line of argument specifically contrasts her (...) thought to that of Aquinas and Meister Eckhart, noting areas of similarity and difference. It is concluded that the visionary origins of Hildegard’s work may have to some extent precluded our understanding of it, and that her work merits consideration not only philosophically and theologically but from the standpoint of its early presentation of a gynocentric worldview. (shrink)

This article examines the work of the seventeenth-century thinker Catharine Trotter Cockburn with an eye toward explication of her trenchant empiricism, and the foundations upon which it rested. It is argued that part of the originality of Cockburn's work has to do with her consistent line of thought with regard to evidence from the senses and the process of abstract conceptualization; in this she differed strongly from some of her contemporaries. The work of Martha Brandt Bolton and Fidelis Morgan is (...) cited, and there is an auxiliary argument to the effect that Cockburn is probably better known as a playwright than she is as a philosophical thinker. (shrink)

Many pragmaticians have distinguished three levels of meaning involved in the comprehension of utterances, and there is an ongoing debate about how to characterize the intermediate level. Recanati has called it the level of ‘what is said’ and has opposed the idea that it can be determined semantically — a position that he labels ‘pragmatic minimalism’. To this end he has offered two chief arguments: semantic underdeterminacy and the Availability Principle. This paper exposes a tension between both arguments, relating this (...) discussion with Carruthers’s cognitive view of language, according to which some thoughts are, literally, sentences of our natural language. First we explain how this view entails minimalism, and we construct an argument based on semantic underdeterminacy that shows that natural language sentences do not have the compositional properties required to constitute thoughts. Then we analyze the example of a subject’s overhearing a sentence without an interpretive context, arguing that in the light of the Availability Principle the corresponding thought can be regarded as a natural language sentence. Thus, semantic underdeterminacy and availability pull in different directions, and we claim that there is no characterization of the latter that can relieve this tension. We contend that Recanati’s availability shares with Carruthers’s introspectivism an overreliance on intuitions about what appears consciously in one’s mind. We conclude, therefore, that the Availability Principle ought to be abandoned. (shrink)

Overviews -- Hildegard of Bingen -- Anne Conway -- Mary Astell -- Mary Wollstonecraft -- Harriet Taylor Mill -- Edith Stein -- Simone Weil -- Simone de Beauvoir -- Conclusions.

El problema ecológico no es nuevo, ha acompañado toda la historia reciente de la humanidad. Sin embargo, lo que es nuevo es el alcance que ha tenido desde la modernización tecnológica e industrial de los siglos XIX y XX y que, si los indicios y la información no son engañosos, amenaza con convertirse en un desastre para toda la humanidad en el siglo XXI. El informe de la ONU de la Conferencia sobre el Cambio Climático, del año 2007, y recientemente (...) el desastre nuclear de Fukushima aportan evidencias en esta dirección. ¿Cómo se llegó a esa problemática, cómo evolucionó el saber al respecto y cómo se deja justificar convincentemente la actuación humana y social? ¿Qué puede hacer un individuo para proyectar una vida más sostenible? ¿Qué es el Antropoceno? ¿Es posible construir una sociedad ecológica y solidaria? Estas y otras preguntas se abordan desde la reflexión filosófica en el presente artículo. (shrink)

Some recent scholarship on Kuhn emphasizes his unconscious contribution to logical positivism—a consequence of Kuhn’s superficial knowledge and criticism of that school of thought. In this paper I argue against that thesis on the basis of an unpublished text: The Quest for Physical Theory, his lectures at theLowell Institute, Boston, and an early version of the point of view of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.Ciertas interpretaciones de la obra de Kuhn subrayan su contribución inconsciente al positivismo lógico, lo que es (...) consecuencia de un conocimiento y una crítica superficiales de dicha corriente por su parte. En este artículo critico dicha tesis a partir de un texto inédito de Kuhn: The Quest for Physical Theory, sus conferencias en el Instituto Lowell de Boston y una primera presentación del punto de vista de The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. (shrink)